Parijat/Night Jasmine - Ayurvedic remedies health benefits, application, chemical constituents, side effects and many more

Parijat/Harsingar/Night Jasmine

Nyctanthes arbortristis Linn (Oleaceae) is popularly known as "Night Jasmine" (English) or "Harsingar" (Hindi) due to the detail that its flowers emit a very strong and pleasant fragrance during the whole night. The flowers start falling after midnight and by the day break, the plant appears dull. It is native to Southern Asia, stretching across northern Pakistan and Nepal throughout Northern India and Southeast Thailand. In India, it grows in outer Himalayas and is found in tracts of Jammu and Kashmir, Nepal to East of Assam, Bengal, Tripura extended through the Central Region up to Godavari in the South. It is a large shrub growing to 10 m tall, with flaky grey bark, stiff whitish hair, young branches, and rough leaves. The flowers are fragrant, with a five- to eight-lobed white corolla with an orange red centre; they are produced in clusters of two to seven together, with individual flowers opening at dusk and finishing at dawn 

The word Parijat is beautifully derived from"Pari Psrsm gatarh jatarh janmasya" means the source or drug which keeps away from the sea of sorrow in the manner of repeated cycle of birth and death. There are 14 Ratna came out of Samudra manthana After the poison. Parijat is one of them, which was taken by Lord Indra to Indrsloks. The tree is said to be one of the five trees(Paticsvrkrss} that adorned Lord Indra's garden at Svsrgsloks (Heaven)

It has different names in different languages such as Hindi name(Harsingar),  English name(Night jasmine, Coral jasmine),  Marathi name(Parijath),  Kannada name(Parijatha),  Guajarati name(Harshanagar),  Telugu name(Parijatamu),  Tamil name(Majjapu),  Bengali name- Shefalika, Shivuli)

Phytochemical constituents

• Flowers: – diterpenoid nyctanthin, flavonoids, anthocyanins, essential oils, beta-monogentiobioside, beta-digentiobioside d-mannitol, nyctanthoside, rengyolone, astragalin, arborside C, carotenoid apart from tannin, and glucose
• Seeds: – Arbortristoside A and B, glycerides of linolelic, oleic, stearic, palmitic and myristic acids, nyctantic acid and a water soluble polysaccharide composed of D – glucose and D – mannose are present in seeds. It also contains 15% of a pale yellow-brown oil, nyctanthic acid and beta-sitosterol.
• Leaves:- B-Sitosterol, nyctanthic acid, tannic acid, methyl salicylate, mannitol, ascorbic acid, carotene, linoleic acid, glycosides, 6-beta- hydroxyloganin, benzoic acid, glucose, fructose, flavonol, triterpernoids, and some trace of volatile oils are present in leaves. The leaves of the plant contain tannic acid, methyl salicylate, an amorphousglycoside (1%), mannitol (1.3) % and 1.2% and a trace of volatile oil. They also contains ascorbic acid 30mg/100mg. and carotene. The ascorbic acid content increases on fryingthe leaves in oiL
• Flower oil: – α–Pinene, P-Cymene, L-hexanon, phenylacetaldehyde, and I-decanol are present in flower oil of the plant.
• Stem: – glycosides, B-glucopyranosyl, α-Xylo-phranoside and B – Sitosterols are present in stem.
• Bark: – Methyl-D-glucose, methyl-D-Mannose, arbortristoside A,B,C and iridoid glycoside-nyctanthaside,  glycoside and alkaloids
• Several studies on phytoconstituents of extracts of leaves, stem bark, seeds, roots, and flowers of N. arbor-tristis have been taken up, but leaves are the most studied ones and have been reported to contain nyctanthine, an alkaloid, in addition to mannitol, resinous substance, ascorbic acid, coloring agent, sugar, traces of oily substances, tannic acid, methyl salicylate, carotene, etc.
• Seed kernels of Nyctanthes contain 12–16% of pale yellow fixed oil containing glycosides, linoleic acid, oleic acid, lignoceric acid, stearic acid, myristic acid, salicylic acid, palmatic acid, and β-sitostero, apart from phenyl propanoid glycoside, nyctoside-A and water soluble glucomannan

Properties and Benefits 

• Rasa (Taste) – Tikta (Bitter)
• Guna (Qualities) – Laghu (Light for digestion), Ruksha (Dry in nature)
• Taste conversation after digestion – Katu(Pungent)
• Veerya (Potency) – Ushna (Hot)
• Effects on Tridosha – Reduces vitiated kapha & vata dosha
•          Click here to explore more information about Tridosha (vata-Kapha-Pitta)
• aamvatahara – Treat rhumetic arthritis
• shoolahara – Analgesic
• gradhrasihara – Useful to treat sciatica 
• sothahara – Anti-inflammatory
• Shefalika – Honey bees like the plant so they are found more in this plant. 
• Kharapatraka – Leaves are rough to touch Aparajitha, Vijaya

Uses, Remedies, Benefits and Application 

1) The fresh juice of the leaf of Nyctanthes arbor- tristis is given in a dose of 5 – 10  ml to treat sciatica. 

2) The fresh juice of the plant is given in cases of constipation, intestinal worms, hepatomegaly and piles in a dose of 10-15 ml. 

3) In cases of asthma and cough, the powder of dried leaf or bark of Nyctanthes arbor- tristis is given with betel leaf juice in a dose of 2-3 g. 

         Click here to explore more about Betel leaves

4) The paste of bark/leaf is applied over the area affected with eczema and ringworm.

 

5) The fresh leaves are also used for the preparation of homoeopathic medicines.

6) In cases of snake poisoning, the juice of the leaf is administered.

 

7) The cold infusion of the leaf is given to treat difficulty in micturition. 

8) In Bhavaprakasha nighantu the churna prepared out of bark along with betel leaves, 3 to 4 times in a day, is indicated in case of kasa (cough) and swasha (breathless ness/bronchial tree diseases).

9) Leaves are used in cough. Leaf juice is mixed in honey and given thrice daily for the treatment of cough. Paste of leaves is given with honey for the treatment of fever, high blood pressure, and diabetes.

         Click here to explore more about Honey

10) Red stalks of flowers are cut, dried in the sun end stored to be used for dying clothes and as a colouring agent for sweets and other eatables. Poets in India have compared the tips of beautiful women to the flowers of this tree.

11) Parijat tree is very beneficial in diabetes. Make a decoction of 10-30 ml Parijatha leaf. Take it. It is beneficial in diabetes.

12) Gradhrasi - leaves decoction is useful to treat sciatica.

13) Jwara - leaves decoction with ginger juice and honey is useful to treat fever.

14) The tender leaves of Parijata, Ardraka swarasa (ginger juice) and madhu (honey) along with loha bhasma is beneficial is case of Pandu (anemia).

       Click here to explore more about Ginger Juice

15) The bright orange corolla tubes of the flowers contain a coloring substance nyctanthin, which is identical with ά-Crocetin (C20H24O4) from Saffron. The corolla tubes were formerly used for dyeing silk, sometimes together with safflower or turmeric.

16) The powdered seeds are used to cure scurfy affections of scalp, piles, and skin diseases.

17) In Bhavaprakasha nighantu the kalka (paste) prepared out of seeds rubbed in water is applied over the affected area in case of hair loss or alopecia.

18) Juice of the leaves is used as digestives, antidote to reptile venoms, mild bitter tonic, laxative, diaphoretic, and diuretic. Leaves are also used in the enlargement of spleen.

19) Traditionally, the powdered stem bark is given in rheumatic joint pain, in treatment of malaria and also used as an expectorant.

       - Make a paste by grinding the leaves of Harsingar, lukewarm. Applying it on the joint pain is very beneficial.

20) The bark is used for the treatment of snakebite and bronchitis.

21) In Bhava prakasha nighantu the intake of ksheera (cow’s milk), ghrita (cow’s ghee) and sharkara (sugar) are used as anupana (vehicle) during the intake of certain preparations made up of Parijata.

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           Click here to explore more about Ghee

22) The extracted juice of leaves acts as a cholagogue, laxative, and mild bitter tonic. It is given with little sugar to children as a remedy for intestinal ailments.

23) In Sushruta Samhita, the taila prepared out of Parijata twak (bark) is mixed with kanji (rice gruel) and saindhava (rock salt) to prepare a specific type of anjana (a dosage form used to apply in sclera part of eye). This anjana is beneficial in case of different netra–rogas and shoola (pain in eye and in different eye diseases).

          Click here to explore more about Rock salt

24) As per Bhavaprakasha nighantu, patra swarasa (leaf juice) and sharkara (mishri) is indicated in context of krimi (worm infestations).

25) The bark of this tree is used in eye diseases, ulcers and as e Bark decoction is used for bleeding gums.

26) The plant is cultivated for its fragrant flowers, useful to prepare different perfume and dyes. Locally the dye is also used for dyeing cotton cloth and as a cheap substitute for saffron in coloring the robes of Buddhist priests. 

          - For dyeing, fabrics are immersed in a decoction of the corolla tubes. They impart a beautiful orange, yellow or golden colour like saffron, but the colour is easily washed out, and will fade rapidly in the sun. To make the colour more permanent, lime juice or alum is added to the dye bath. Then the colour is moderately resistant to light, soap, alkali and acid.

27) The bark may be used as a tanning material and the leaves are used for polishing the ivory also used like sandpaper to polish wood.

28) Due to tikta rasa and ushan virya leaves are the drug of choice in chronic fever.

29) Due to it’s serrated edge of it’s leaf, leaves are used as anu-shastra in Sushruta Samhita.

30) due to tikta rasa, ushna virya and laghu guna it is used in kapa vitiated diseases. Due to ushna virya it is used in vata diseases. Also due to tikta rasa it causes pacifying of the amadosa and excess jathara–pitta (gastric acids), in turn body temperature is reduced.

31) Intake of bark of Parijatha with oil, sour gruel & rock salt remove pain in the caused by Kapha and vata.

32) Put parijat root in the mouth and chew it. It stops bleeding from the nose, ears, throat, etc.

33) Make a decoction of the leaves, roots, and flowers of the tree trunk. Drink it in 10-30 ml. This eliminates the problem of frequent urination.

34) Take seed of Parijat. Make a paste of it. Apply it on the head. This ends the problem of dandruff.

35) The properties of Parijat can also benefit from arthritis. Make a decoction of the root of Parijat. Drink 10-30 ml of it. It is beneficial in arthritis.

36) Make a decoction of Harsingar and wash the hair, this helps to remove dandruff and prevent hair fall.

37) The flowers are used as stomachic, carminative, astringent to bowel, antibilious, expectorant, hair tonic, in the treatment of piles and various skin diseases, and in the treatment of ophthalmic purposes.

38) The leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. are used extensively in Ayurvedic medicine for the treatment of various diseases such as sciatica, chronic fever, rheumatism, and internal worm infections, and as a laxative, diaphoretic, and diuretic. The leaf juice is used to treat loss of appetite, piles, liver disorders, biliary disorders, intestinal worms, chronic fever, obstinate sciatica, rheumatism, and fever with rigors. 

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