Jambul(Java Plum/Syzygium cumini) - Health benefits, application, chemical constituents, side effects and many more

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Jambul(Java Plum/Syzygium cumini)


Jambul is one of the widely used medicinal plants in the treatment of various diseases in particular diabetes. . The dark violet colored ripe fruits give the impression the fruit of the olive tree both in weight and shape and have an astringent taste. The fruit has a combination of sweet, mildly sour and astringent flavour and tends to colour the tongue purple.

It shows antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuropsycho-pharmacological, anti-microbial, anti-bacterial, anti-HIV, antileishmanial and antifungal, nitric oxide scavenging, free radical scavenging, anti-diarrheal, antifertility, anorexigenic, gastroprotectivea, anti-ulcerogenic and radioprotective activity. All parts of Jamun Tree are used in medicines including seed, kernal, fruit, leaves, root, etc. According to Ayurveda, if Jamun fruit pulp or Jamun juice is taken before food, then it increases VATA DOSHA in the body. To prevent it, it should be taken in PITTA KALA (Time when Pitta is predominant in body and nature). The best time to eat Jamun is afternoon from 12:00 PM to 3:00 PM.

It has different names in many different languages such as in Hindi(Jamun, Jambul), English(Jamun, Jamoon), Bengali(Kala Jam), Punjabi(Jamalu), Telugu(Neredu Chettu), Tamil(Saval naval), Malayalam(Naval), Kannada(Nerale), marathi(jambul). Ayurveda strongly recommends this berry for treating various conditions related to heart, arthritis, asthma, stomach pain, bowel spasm, flatulence and dysentery. The diuretic effects of jamun flushes toxins out of the kidneys, while the high fibre content aids in digestion and prevents nausea and vomiting.




Vitamin and mineral content

Vitamin : B1,B2, B3, B6, A, C.
Minerals : calcium, iron , phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, phosphorus, copper, sulphur, chlorine.
Sugar : galactose, fructose, glucose, maltose and mannose.
Phytochemical constituents : anthocyanins, flavonoids, glucoside, ellagic acid, isoquercetin, kaemferol and myrecetin.
Antioxidants : VITAMIN C, GALLIC ACID, TANNINS, ANTHOCYANINS, CYANIDIN, PETUNIDIN, MALVIDIN-GLUCOSIDE, Β- CAROTENE.
         • Seeds : alkaloid, jambosine, ellagic acid and glycoside jambolin or antimellin(halts the diastatic conversion of starch into sugar).
         • leaves : acylated flavonol glycosides, quercetin, myricetin, myricitin, myricetin 3-O-4-acetyl-L-rhamnopyranoside, triterpenoids, esterase, galloyl carboxylase, and tannin.
         • Bark : betulinic acid, friedelin, epi-friedelanol, β-sitosterol, eugenin and fatty acid ester of epi-friedelanol, β-sitosterol, quercetin kaempferol, myricetin, gallic acid, ellagic acid, bergenins, flavonoids and tannins.
         • Fruit : raffinose, glucose, fructose, citric acid, mallic acid, gallic acid, anthocyanins, delphinidin-3-gentiobioside, malvidin-3-laminaribioside, petunidin-3-gentiobioside, cyanidin diglycoside, petunidin and malvidin.
         • Flower : kaempferol, quercetin, myricetin, isoquercetin (quercetin-3-glucoside), myricetin-3-L-arabinoside, quercetin-3-D-galactoside, dihydromyricetin, oleanolic acid, acetyl oleanolic acid, eugenol-triterpenoid A and eugenol-triterpenoid B.
         • essential oil : stem, seed, fruits contain α-Pinene, camphene, β-Pinene, myrcene, limonene, cis-Ocimene, trans-Ocimene, γ-Terpinene, terpinolene, bornyl acetate, α-Copaene, β-Caryophyllene, α-Humulene, γ-Cadinene and δ-Cadinene, trans-ocimene, cis-ocimene, β-essential oil myrcene, α-terpineol, dihydrocarvyl acetate, geranyl butyrate, terpinyl valerate, α-terpineol, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, β-selinene, calacorene, α-muurolol, α-santalol, cis-farnesol: lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, malvalic, sterculic and vernolic acids.
             - With this it contains large amount of crude fiber, Antioxidants and protein.
             - The sourness of fruits may be due to presence of gallic acid. 
             - The color of the fruits might be due to the presence of anthocyanins .
             - The essential oils isolated from the freshly collected leaf (accounting for 82% of the oil).
             - Jambolan is rich in compounds containing anthocyanins, glucoside, ellagic acid, isoquercetin, kaemferol and myrecetin. The seeds are claimed to contain alkaloid, jambosine, and glycoside jambolin or antimellin,
             - Seeds have fatty oils such as oleic acid (32.2%), myristic acid (31.7%), and linoleic acid (16.1%) as their main constituents. However, stearic acid (6.50%), palmitic acid (4.70%), lauric acid (2.80%), vernolic acid (3.00%), sterculic acid (1.80%), and malic acid (1.20%) were detected in small quantities
              - The purple shade of Jamun fruit is due to the presence of anthocyanins, whereas its astringent flavor is imparted by a high concentration of tannins



Properties and uses of jambul

• Rasa(Taste) – Kashaya(Astringent), Madhura(Sweet), Amla(Sour)
• Guna(Qualities) – Laghu(Light to digest), Rooksha(Dry)
• Taste conversion after digestion – Katu(Pungent)
• Veerya(Potency) – Sheeta(Cold)
• Effect on Tridosha – Increases Vata but balances Kapha and Pitta.

  Madhura – sweet
• Kashaya – slightly astringent,
• Guru – heavy
• Vishtambhi – producer of wind in abdomen, causes bloating
• Sheetala – coolant
• Grahi – absorbent, useful in malabsorption syndrome and diarrhea
• Vatakara – increases Vata
• Shramahara – relieves tirednessp
• Pittahara, Dahahara – balances Pitta and its symptoms like burning sensation.
• Kantarti hara – relieves throat pain
• Shosha – Emaciation
• Krimi – worm infestation, infection
• Shwasa – Asthma, COPD, wheezing, breathing difficulty
• Atisara – diarrhea, dysentery
• Kasa – cough, cold
• Vishtambhini – causes constipation, useful in diarrhea and dysentery
• Rochana – improves taste, useful in anorexia
• Pachani – Improves digestion.
• Main action – Astringent & Digestive Stimulant
• Side effect – ANAHA (Abdominal distension along with intestinal gas and constipation)
• Prevention – Kali Mirch (black pepper) and Kala namak or Sendha namak should be added in juice to prevent its side effect.
• Interactions – Milk & Tea should not be taken before and after eating jamun.



Health benefits of jambul


1) good for Heart


Jambul cantain large amount of potassium which is approx every 100 gram of jambul contain 76 gram of potassium. Potassium is mineral which helps to reduce blood pressure. With this Regular consumption of Jamun prevents hardening of arteries which leads to atherosclerosis. According to research it found that ellagic acid(phytochemical) in it also helps to reduce blood pressure.


2) Boosts Stomach Health


Jamun seeds can be used to manage a number of stomach-related issues effectively. Jamuns are rich is fibre content that helps improve the functioning of the digestive system. Jamun seeds can also be used as oral medication to combat sores, inflammation and ulcers in the intestines. Vitamins A & C with antioxidants are abundant in Jamun, which detoxifies our body and is also used to treat digestive disorders like diarrhea, dysentery, vomiting and irritable bowel syndrome. Jamun helps in the proper functioning of the digestive system.


3) For diabeties


Jamun is known to be of special use in the treatment of diabetes. This fruit has anti-diabetic properties that converts starch into energy and keeps your blood sugar level in check. Diabetic patients can consume Jamun juice daily to keep a check on their sugar levels, which certainly helps to enhance the insulin activity and sensitivity.
           - Ayurvedic texts suggest that 1-3 g of seed powder per day is an average dose. Additionally,juice of ripe fruits in the amount of 0.5-2 tsp (2.5-10 ml) at least three times daily has been recommended for the treatment of diabetes 



Uses, Remedies, Benefits and Application 


1) Jamun fruit is beneficial for reducing abdominal fullness, abdominal discomfort, and burning sensation in the abdomen. Eat handful(10-12) fruits can be eaten and dried ginger root powder should also be taken with water(or luke warm water) after consuming the Jamun fruit for maximum benefits.


2) Drink jamun juice with gulkand for rectal bleeding.


3) jambul kernal(internal part of seed) powder mixed with water and it's thick paste applied to the burning feet.


4) Mix dried, powdered jamun seeds with Honey and apply it as a mask on your face and leave it overnight. It considerably reduces pimples, dark spots and pigmentation, when religiously followed for a month.


5) Apply fresh jamun juice on your face after cleansing. Jamun being a natural astringent act as a toner, it reduces the pores and controls excess secretion of oil.

6) Take a 5 gram of  jambul leaf  powder with 400 ml of water and reduce it to 50 ml by heating for sore throat.


7) For people having oily skin, mix squashed jamun, curd and rose water and apply it as a face pack. Regular use would cause noticeable reduction of pimples.


8) Jamun seed powder : The powder of the seeds of Jamun is highly beneficial in reducing the blood sugar level. It promotes digestion and is effective for a healthy heart and liver. It is also essential for maintaining bone health, blood dysentery, hoarseness, bilious diarrhoea, bed wetting in children and excessive urination in adults.


9) Drinking juice of a ripe jamun fruit can be helpful in curing urine retention, bleeding haemorrhoids and enlargement of spleen.


10) Astringent and antibacterial properties of jambul juice is useful for treating fungal infections on the scalp.


11) Use the crushed leaves of jamun as a poultice for skin problems.


12) Roots of the Jamun is helpful for treating epilepsy.


13) Mix a small quantity of Jamun churna with oil and apply it on boils or other skin problems for getting instant relief.


14) Jamun helps manage skin associated problems such as skin allergy, rashes and redness due to its strong healing activity. The pulp of Jamun fruit can be applied to get relief from inflammation due to its anti-inflammatory property.


15) The fruit pulp and seeds are sweet, acrid, sour, tonic and cooling, and are used in diabetes, diarrhoea and ringworm. The bark is astringent, sweet, sour, diuretic, digestive and anthelmintic.




Caution: 

                1) Milk & Tea should not be taken before and after eating Jamun due to its bitter and astringent property.

                2) Pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers must not take jamun without consulting the doctor.

                 3) overeating or Consuming jamun in huge amount may cause hyperacidity, retention of gas in the stomach, fever, body ache and throat problem.



Note : 

            1) it pacifies kapha and pitta but increases vata.

            2) The pulp and the seeds are significant for treating diabetes while the leaves of the tree are useful for teeth and gum disease. The bark of the tree prevents gingivitis and is also effective against infestation of worms in the body.



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