Saliva

Saliva Helps in Maintaining a Healthy Oral Microbiota

A study was conducted to update the current understanding of how saliva and its various constituents, directly and indirectly, affect oral bacteria and thereby play a role in the modulation and maintenance of a healthy oral microbiota and the associations with symbiosis and dysbiosis.

The search for biomedical literature on saliva and its antimicrobial activities was conducted.

This review underlines that saliva plays an essential role in shaping and maintaining resident oral microbiota's ecological equilibrium. 

Saliva contributes to the formation of the salivary pellicle, which covers the oral hard and soft tissues and thereby determines the initial adhesion and colonization of microorganisms. 

Saliva facilitates the clearance of dietary carbohydrates and microorganisms from the oral cavity and supplies bacteria with nutrients through the enzymatic breakdown of dietary starch and proteins and salivary glycoproteins. 

Also, saliva comprises proteins such as mucins, which block certain microorganisms' adherence to oral surfaces through binding and aggregating mechanisms. 

Saliva also provides antimicrobial activity through numerous proteins and peptides, including mucins, lactoferrin, lysozyme, lactoperoxidase, statherin, histatins, and secretory immunoglobulin A.

A balanced oral microbiome is essential for the maintenance of oral health and symbiosis. 

Conditions associated with salivary gland hypofunction, impaired oral clearance, low salivary pH, and altered salivary composition often lead to perturbation of the oral microbiome's function and composition, causing dysbiosis and associated risk of oral disease.

Clinical significance- Saliva plays a significant role in keeping the relationship between the host and oral microbiota in a symbiotic state. 

In conditions with salivary gland dysfunction, the oral microbiome's natural balance is often disturbed, leading to dysbiosis and associated risks of gingivitis, caries, and fungal infection.

*This is just a collection of information from ayurvedic books

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