Aparajita/Butterfly pea/Koyala - Health benefits, application, chemical constituents, side effects and many more

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 Aparajita/Butterfly pea/Koyala


The perennial leguminous herb Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) has attracted significant interest based on its agricultural and medical applications, which range from use as a fodder and nitrogen fixing crop, to applications in food coloring and cosmetics, traditional medicine and as a source of an eco-friendly insecticide. 

It shows diuretic, nootropic, antiasthmatic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antidiabetic, antilipidemic, anti-arthritic, antioxidant, and wound healing properties.

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It has different names in different languages such as English name(Butterfly pea, Clitoria, Mezereon, Winged leaved),  Marathi Name(Gokarni),  Hindi name(Koyala),  Sanskrit name(Vishnukranta, Yonipushpa, Girikarnika, Kokilaa),  Bengali Name(Aprajita),  Gujrati Name(Garnee),  Malayalam Name(Shankhapushpam),  Tamil Name(Kakkanam),  Telugu Name(Dintena, Sankupushpam),  Unani Name(Mezereon).



Properties and Benefits 

  • Rasa – Katu (pungent), Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (astringent)
  • Guna (qualities) – Laghu (lightness), Rooksha (dry)
  • Taste conversation after digestion – Katu (pungent)
  • Veerya (potency) – Sheetala (cold)
  • Effect on Tridosha – Balances all the three Doshas
  •             Click here to explore more information about Tridosha (vata-Kapha-Pitta)
  • Medhya -Improves intelligence (specific effect)
  • Kanthya – Improves voice, good for throat
  • Vedana sthapana – pain reliever
  • bhedana – purgative
  • Sudrushtida – Improves vision, good for eyes
  • Kushta – Useful in skin diseases
  • Mutrala – Cleanses bladder/Diuretic 
  • Ama – relieves indigestion, malabsorption
  • Shothavrana – anti inflammatory 
  • Vishaapaha -Detoxifying, effective in cases of poisoning
  • Smruti-buddhida -Improves memory and concentration
  • Indicated in:
  • Rakta atisara – diarrhoea with bleeding
  • Daha – burning sensation
  • Jvara – natural antipyretic
  • Chardihara – anti-emetic
  • Unmada, madabhrama hara – useful in psychiatric conditions like mania and schizophrenia
  • Shwasakasahara – useful in cough, asthma and related respiratory conditions.

Uses Remedies Benefits and Application 

1) Flower tea/concatenation is prepared, It is used for boosting immunity and reducing inflammation. It is useful in headache and joint disorders. 


2) Aparajita extracts and several isolated protein and peptide components shows anthelmintic,  insecticidal and the antimicrobial activities.

  • Proteins and peptides isolated from C. ternatea are reported to exhibit insecticidal properties.


3) Root bark phant (steeped decoction) is useful in burning micturition.


4) Agad tantra is the sixth branch of ayurveda which mainly deals with agada i.e. the medicine with anti-poisonous effects. These antipoisonous drugs are prepared by combination of several drugs. Various medicinal plants are described in ayurveda which are used in the treatment of poisoning (Visha), one of them is aparajita.

  • In ayurvedic texts nine antipoisonous formulation (agada) containing aparajita are described. It can be concluded that aparajita is beneficial in the treatment of snake bite, spider bite, rat bite, insect bite, fish bite.


5) Aparajita flowers is a particularly sought after alternative to synthetic blue food colorants which have become increasingly disfavored due to health concerns. Studies reported that addition of C. ternatea extracts increased the polyphenolic and antioxidant contents.

  • The deep blue pigment of Aparajita has been particularly popular in Asia, where flower petals are used to color teas, deserts and clothes.


6) In bhavprakash nighantu, kaiyadev nighantu and sushruta samhita it is mentioned that aparajita is ‘vishapaha’ i.e. which eliminates poison. After getting entered into the body poison, vitiates all the tridosha. According to ayurvedic text, action of aparajita is tridoshghna. Hence it is effective in the treatment of poisoning.


7) Fine leaves paste of aparajita should be applied over the wound is beneficial as it has antifungal and anti bacterial properties greatly reduce the infection and heals the wound very fast.


8) Aparajita is a good natural tonic for the blood. The rasa composition helps to purify blood and improve skin conditions like boils, skin outbreaks, acne & pimples etc.


9) Recently an organic ethanolic extract prepared from C. ternatea vegetative tissue has shown promising insecticidal activity against a wide range of crop pests. The extract, termed Sero-X® has thus far been registered in Australia for applications in cotton and macadamia.


10) Aparajita root with black pepper should be kept in mouth to pecify the toothache.


11) It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant and is also used as a revegetation species while in Southeast Asia, the blue flower pigment is traditionally used as food colorant. The plant is known to be suitable as a cover crop and green manure having the ability to not only suppress perennial weeds but able to enrich the soil by nitrogen fixation.


12) Aparajita helps in improving voice quality and problems of throat. 


13) The root of Aparajita plant is often used for external application over the skin and it has a very soothing impact over the eyes and helps to improve vision also.


14) These are used to administer with ghee and honey as a tonic to children for boost up in their mental abilities,muscular strength, complexation, whooping cough, goiter and epilepsy.

  • The fresh root paste of aparajita should be given in a dose of 1-3 grams with ghee twice daily for increasing memory and intelligence.       

15) Seeds are also used in digestive disorders, because they have purgative, cathartic and laxative action when used in combination with ginger powder.

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16) The perennial leguminous herb Clitoria ternatea (butterfly pea) has attracted significant interest based on its agricultural and medical applications, which range from use as a fodder and nitrogen fixing crop, to applications in food coloring and cosmetics, traditional medicine and as a source of an eco-friendly insecticide.


17) The leaves paste of aparajita applied thickly on the vitiligo patches and expose to sunlight. It has to continue for minimum 1 month to stimulate melanocytes.


18) 1 gram of aparajita flowers powder should be given thrice daily with honey for bleeding disorders of uterus.

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19) The flowers of aparajita are pounded with cow milk and applied over the closed eyes. It alleviates the conjunctivitis.

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Phytochemical constituents

Notable chemical components are anthocyanins which give C. ternatea flowers their characteristic blue color and cyclotides, ultra-stable macrocyclic peptides that are present in all tissues of this plant. The latter are potent insecticidal molecules and are implicated as the bioactive agents in a plant extract used commercially as an insecticide. 

The seeds contain palmitic acid (19%), stearic acid (10%), oleic acid (51-52%), linoleic acid (17%) and linolenic acid (4%). The caloric content of the seed is to be around 500cal/100g.

Of the known C. ternatea phytochemical components implicated in defense, a class of peptides known as cyclotides is particularly noteworthy.

The butelase-1 enzyme derived from C. ternatea pods is also creating a lot of interest as a biotechnological tool for peptide ligation and cyclization.

Nutritional analysis of C. ternatea flowers identified the percentage of protein, fibre, carbohydrate and fat to be 0.32, 2.1, 2.2 and 2.5% respectively while the moisture content was found to be 92.4%. The flower was also found to have high content of calcium (3.09 mg/g), magnesium (2.23 mg/g), potassium (1.25 mg/g), zinc (0.59 mg/g), sodium (0.14 mg/g) and iron (0.14 mg/g).

various lipophilic compounds from C. ternatea being fatty acids (palmitic acid, stearic acids, petroselinic acids, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid and phytanic acid), phytosterols (campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and sitostanol) and tocols (α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol). Several other components such as mome inositol, pentanal, cyclohexen, 1-methyl-4-(1-methylethylideme) and hirsutene were identified. In addition to the identification of various anthocyanins and flavonol glycosides, other components such as 6″‐malonylastragalin, phenylalanine, coumaroyl sucrose, tryptophan and coumaroyl glucose were determined.

The roots form nodules, which contain higher amount of plant growth substance such as indole acetic acid, kinetin and gibberelic acid. The level of tryptophan, precursor of indole acetic acid was also higher in the nodules.

  • Root - Taxaxerol and taxaxerone are present in the roots of plant. The bark of rootscontains sresin, tannin, starchand flavonol glycosides. The root nodule contains glycine,alanine, valine, lecine, α-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, ornithine, histadine, γ-aminobutyric acid. 
  • Seed - The seeds are very high in protein content (15-25%). The seeds containsp-hydroxycinnamic acid, flavonol-3-glycoside, ethyl-α-D-galactopyranoside, adenosine3,5,7,4-tetrahydroxyflavone-3-rhamnoglucoside, polypeptide, hand exacosanol.Oligosaccharides or flatulene are also present in seeds. A food dye, delphinidin 3,3’,5’-triglucoside also reported in seeds.
  • Leaves - The content of crude fiber and protein in the leaves were 21.5% and 21.5-29%respectively. From leaves, clitorin and kaempferol have been isolated [1]. The leaves alsocontain 3-monoglucoside, 3-rutinoside, 3- neohesperidoside, 3-o-rhamnosyl-glucoside,3-o-rhamnosylgalactoside of kaemferol, besides kaemferol-3-o-rhamnosylo- rhamnosyl-glucoside. It also contains aparajitin and β- sitosterol.
  • Flowers - The flowers (blue in color)contain delphinidin-3,5- diglucoside, delphinidin-3β-glucoside, and its 3 methyl derivative,malvidin-3β-glucoside, kaemferol and cynidin chloride. A lactone- aparajitin from leaves.



Note : 

1. Aparajita produces an extensive deep-root system, which enables the plant to survive up to 7–8 months of drought. The roots also produce large nodules for nitrogen fixation. Clitoria ternatea roots produce large round nodules known to house nitrogen-fixing bacteria, making the plant ideal for use in a crop rotation system. 

  • Studies were conducted to assess the nitrogen-fixing capacity of C. ternatea.  Nodulation was shown to be more favorably induced with a soil moisture content of around 25–45% with a light duration of 11–14 h and an intensity of 11–17 W/m2
  • One study showed that the Rhizobium species isolated from C. ternatea, cow pea and soybean are more compatible to each other than other legume species.

2. produces an extensive deep-root system, which enables the plant to survive up to 7–8 months of drought.



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Refrence : 

  1. Front Plant Sci. 2019; 10: 645.  PMCID: PMC6546959
  2. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2019; 2019: 2916914. PMCID: PMC6545798
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