Sadabahar/Madagascar - Health benefits, application, chemical constituents, side effects and many more

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 Sadabahar/Madagascar


Catharanthus roseus is commonly called as Periwinkle, Madagascar periwinkle, and Sadabahar. It grows throughout India and is found as an escape in waste places and sandy tracts. More than 130 different compounds have been reported including about 100 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. As an important medical plant, it has a good antioxidant potential throughout its parts under drought stress. There are several health benefits of Catharanthus roseus leaves such as maintaining blood sugar, lowering high blood pressure, menstruation irregularities, Hodgkin's disease, and as antioxidant, antitumour, anti-mutagenic.

              Click here to explore more about Antioxidant and Free radicals

It has different names in different languages such as Marathi name(Sadabahar, Sadaphool),  Hindi name (Sadabahar),  English name(Madagascar Periwinkle),  Bengali name(Nayantara), Telugu name(Billa Ganneru),  Kannada Name(Sadapushpa, Masanada hoo,Sanna kanagile),  Punjabi name(Ratanjot), Malayalam name(Ushamalari)



Phytochemical constituents

  • The principal alkaloids present in the aerial (nonfloral) parts are VBL (vincaleukoblastine, VLB), VCR (leurocristine, vincaleurocristine), vincarodine, vincoline, leurocolombine, viramidine, vincathicine, vincubine, isositsirikine, vincolidine, lochrovicine, catharanthine, vindoline, leurosine, lochnerine, tetrahydroalstonine, and vindolinine. Ajmalicine (raubasine), serpentine, and reserpine are the main alkaloids in the root while coronaridine, 11-methoxy tabersonine, tetrahydroalstonine, ajmalicine, vindorosidine, and vincristine dominate in the flower. 
  • More than 130 indole alkaloids, collectively termed terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs), have been extracted from periwinkle. Some of these alkaloid compounds have distinct medicinal properties. The alkaloid content is highest at the flowering stage.
  • However of the over hundred alkaloids discovered, only five consisting of vinblastine, vincristine, 3′,4′-anhydrovinblastine, serpentine, and ajmalicine are marketed.
  • Other Catharanthus species such as C. longifolius, C. trichophyllus, and C. lanceus are known to possess vindoline type alkaloids.
  • It produces a wide spectrum of phenolic compounds with radical scavenging ability, including C6C1 compounds such as 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, as well as phenylpropanoids such as cinnamic acid derivatives, flavonoids, and anthocyanins. Mustafa and Verpoorte have listed the most important phenolic compounds of MP, including 2,3-DHBAG, SA; SAG, benzoic acid, 2,5-DHBA, and 2,5-DHBAG, gallic acid, glucovanillin, vanillic acid, glucovanillic acid, vanillyl alcohol, vanillyl alcohol-phenyl-glucoside, C6C3/conjugated C6C3: trans-cinnamic acid, hydroxytyrosol, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, C6C3C6/conjugated C6C3C6: kaempferol, trisaccharides, quercetin, syringetin glycosides, malvidin, malvidin 3-O-glycosides, malvidin 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl), petunidin, petunidin 3-O-glucosides, and petunidin 3-O-(6-O-p-coumaroyl).
  • Despite their benefits, all of the alkaloids have neurotoxic activity, especially vincristine, affecting neurotransmission. Vincristine and vinblastine are highly toxic antimitotics, blocking mitosis in metaphase after binding to the microtubules
  • More than 400 alkaloids are present in the plant,which are used as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, flavor andfragrance, ingredients, food additives and pesticides. Thealkaloids like actineo plastidemeric, Vinblastine, Vincristine,Vindesine, Vindeline Tabersonine etc. are mainly present inaerial parts whereas ajmalicine, vinceine, vineamine,raubasin, reserpine, catharanthine etc are present in roots andbasal stem. Rosindin is an anthocyanin pigment found in theflower of C. roseu.
  • Experimental results showed that the leaves of Catharanthus roseus have high moisture content (15.72 mg/100g), ash (8.94 mg/100g) and high protein content (4.74 mg/100g) than flowers. The results for mineral analysis showed the presence of Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Iron (Fe) and Zinc (Zn) in both leaves and flowers. 




Properties and Benefits

  • Rasa - Tikta(Bitter), Kashaya(Astringent)
  • Guna - Laghu Light), Ruksha(Dry), Tikshna Sharp)
  • Veerya(Potency) - Ushna (Hot)
  • Vipaka(Taste conversation after digestion) - Katu(Pungent)
  • Effect on Tridosha - helps to reduce Kapha & Vata dosha 
  •              Click here to explore more information about Tridosha (vata-Kapha-Pitta)
  • Kshayapaha - improves exhausted body tissues 
  • Kshataksheenahara - wound healing 
  • Kapha-hara - expectorant



Uses, Remedies, Benefits and Application 

1) The leaves of Sadapushpa are taken along with turmeric and fine paste is made. This is applied on the wounds 2 to 3 times a day. This serves as a good wound healer. 


2) The fresh roots are collected and washed thoroughly. This is dried under shade and fine powder is made. 250-500 mg (1-2 pinch) of this powder is taken along with little honey. This has potent effect against type II Diabetes. 

                - Dry, powder fresh sadabahar leaves and store it in a glass container. Take 1 tsp of the dried leaf powder by infusing it with water or fresh fruit juice on an empty stomach every morning to keep diabetes under control. 


3) Leaf juice Hypertension: White variety of periwinkle is selected and its 5 fresh leaves are collected. This is pounded well and fresh juice is obtained. 2-3 ml of this juice is taken in the early morning or in late nights. This helps to control the blood pressure.


4) The root of the plant is reported to be a tonic and possess hypotensive, sedative, and tranquillizing properties.


5) Making a decoction by mixing evergreen root and Arjun bark in equal quantity, it is beneficial in heart block, hypertension, etc. This kwath also controls the amount of cholesterol in the blood.


6) For irregular menstruation : Leaf decoction in irregular menstruation:6 to 8 fresh leaves of the plant are boiled with 2 cup of water and reduced to half a cup. This is taken regularly for three consecutive menstrual cycles. This controls the heavy menstrual flow and regularizes scanty flow too. 


7) 250-500 mg of root powder is taken along with honey. This has potent effect in Urinary disorders.

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8) Sadabahar flower and pomegranate tender buds are taken and fresh juice is obtained. This is instilled to the nostrils in case of nasal bleeding. If it is retained in the mouth  bleeding gums, mouth ulcers and sore throats are also relieved. 

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9) Local application in Insect and wasp bites: Fresh juice/fine paste of the leaves if applied to the bite area of the insects and wasps. This reduces irritation and swelling. 


10) Fine paste of vinca, neem and turmeric in acne and related skin scars:Equal quantity of fresh leaves of vinca and neem and turmeric fresh rhizome are taken and fine paste is made. This is applied over the acne lesions and skin scars. Regular application gives excellent results in this condition.

          Click here to explore more about Neem

          Click here to explore more about Turmeric/Haldi


11) In Madagascar, the bitter and astringent leaves have been applied as an emetic; roots have been used as a purgative, vermifuge, depurative, hemostatic agent and toothache remedy. In the Philippines, the leaf decoction is an herbal treatment for diabetes, young leaves are for stomach cramps, and root decoction is for intestinal parasitism. Mauritians employ infusion of leaves for indigestion and dyspepsia. In India (Orissa and Assam), juices from the leaves are used to treat wasp stings while roots and leaves are utilized as anticarcinogenic agents.


12) In India and other countries, it is commonly available varieties of Catharanthus (Sadabahar) are with red & white flowers  which are botanically identified as Lochnera rosea or Vinca rosea with red flower variety and Lochnera alba or Vinca alba with white  flower variety



Note : 

  • Being hot in potency and loaded with multiple chemical constituents(alkaloids) it should be used with atmost care. Even while using as a home remedy also enough care should be taken among the people who are sensitive to its few of the chemical constituents. Especially the pregnant/lactating mothers, who are the victims of ulcer or acid peptic disorders are better to avoid it.



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Refrence :

  1. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014; 2014: 304120.  PMCID: PMC3982472
  2. ScientificWorldJournal. 2015; 2015: 982412.  PMCID: PMC4312627
  3. Karnataka Medicinal Plants Volume - 2 
  4. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 2007 May; 40(3): 163–173.  PMCID: PMC2275761
  5. Local tradition and knowledge
  6. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences ; Vol. 6 No. 3 (2021): MAY-JUNE
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  8. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056.  Volume: 05 Issue: 06 | June-2018
  9. Int. J. Res. Ayurveda Pharm. 7(Suppl 3), Jul - Aug 2016
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  15. International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT). Vol. 2 Issue 10, October - 2013
  16. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research.  Volume 7, Issue 9, 1281-1289.
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