Eucalyptus/Nilgiri - Health benefits, application, chemical constituents, side effects and many more

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 Eucalyptus/Nilgiri


Eucalyptus is an evergreen, tall tree, or shrub, belonging to Myrtaceae family. The genus Eucalyptus contains about 700 species; among them, more than 300 contain volatile oils in their leaves. Essential oils of various eucalyptus species are used in the pharmaceutical, toiletries, cosmetics, and food industries. Eucalyptus oil is obtained from the extract of eucalyptus leaves. It is a pale yellow-colored oil with a characteristic odor that must be diluted with any carrier oil (but coconut & sesameare best) before it can be used for medicinal purposes.

It shows antimicrobial, antiseptic, antioxidant, chemotherapeutic, respiratory and gastrointestinal disorder treatment, wound healing, and insecticidal/insect repellent, herbicidal, acaricidal, nematicidal

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Phytochemical constituents

Eucalyptus oil contains α-pinene and 1,8-cineole and acts as an antioxidant, with strong radical scavenging activity

Gas chromatography revealed that the major constituents were 1,8-cineole (80.5%), limonene (6.5%), α-pinene (5%), and γ-terpinene (2.9%) 

The strong antimicrobial activity may be directly associated with their major compounds in the oil (such as 1,8-cineole and α-pinene) or with the synergy between the major and minor constituents

The essential oil of stems contained 84.0% of terpene derivatives (65.5% and 18.5% monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, respectively). 

Chemical constituents in the fruits of Eucalyptus globules:Fifteen compounds were obtained and identified as beta-sitosterol, betulinic acid, stigmasterol, euscaphic acid , 2a-Hydroxybetulinic acid , macrocarpal B, macrocarpal A, oleanolic acid, 3,4,3'-O-trimethylellagic acid, 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-(2"-O-acetyl )-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, camaldulenside, 3-O-methylellagic acid 4'-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside, 3-O-methylellagic acid, ellagic acid and gallic acid

The main constituents (Figure 1) in stems essential oil were 1,8-cineole (31.5%), trans-pinocarveol (9.9%), p-cymene (6.8%), γ-eudesmol (5.6%), α-pinene (5.2%), limonene (4.2%), pinocarvone (3.5%) and spathulenol (3.5%).



Properties and Benefits

  • Guna (Qualities) - Laghu ( Light to digest), Snigdha ( Unctuous)
  • Rasa (Taste) - Katu (Pungent), Tikta (Bitter), Kashaya (Astringent)
  • Taste conversation after digestion - Katu (pungent)
  • Veerya (Potency)- Ushna (Hot)
  • Effect on Tridosha - Reduces vitiated kapha and pitta dosha
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  • Balya - Provides Strength)
  • Vedanahara - pacifies pain
  • Pootihara – releives bad smell
  • Deepana – improves digestion strength
  • Pachana – Digestive, relieves Ama Dosha
  • Hrudya – acts as cardiac tonic, congenial for heart
  • Mutrala – diuretic
  • Useful in :
  • Jantu – worm infestation
  • Jeerna Kasa – cough, cold
  • Pratishyaya – running nose, coryza
  • Svarabheda – hoarseness of voice
  • Jwara – fever
  • Shirashoola – headache
  • Pooyameha – Pyuria
  • Kshaya – depletion of body tissues, weight loss, tuberculosis
  • Shwasa – asthma and chronic respiratory disorders
  • Agnimandya – low digestion strength
  • Bastiroga – Urinary tract disorders
  • Karnashoola – Earache




Uses, Remedies, Benefits and Application

1. Steam inhaled with eucalyptus oil helps to get relief from nasal congestion during cold, diseases of the lungs, cough.


2. Eucalyptus oil along with a carrier oil like coconut oil is beneficial to manage acne. It inhibits the activity of acne-causing bacteria due to its antibacterial property. 


3. eucalyptus oil is used in ayurvedic pain balms and oils to treat joint pain, muscle pain, headache. The oil is also used as nasal drops for nasal decongestion during cold and cough. Also used in gels and pain relief oils.


4. 1-3 ml of eucalyptus oil is added to warm water and mouth gargling is carried. If necessary, slight rock salt and turmeric powder can also be added. This subsides recurrent complaint of sore throat, tonsillitis, throat irritation, pharyngitis etc.

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5. Eucalyptus oil is also used as a fragrance component to impart a fresh and clean aroma in soaps, detergents, lotions, and perfumes.


6. The powder of the dried leaves of eucalyptus is burnt and the smoke coming from the burnt leaves is exposed to wounds having pus to relieve pus and pain.


7. The exudate of the eucalyptus plant is mixed with water and given to treat dysentery and irritable bowel syndrome.


8. A pinch of rock salt is added to Neelgiri oil and slightly warmed. This is applied over the body parts or over the joints. Later hot fomentation is given. This relieves pain and swelling.


9. Eucalyptus oil (2-3 drops) along with little camphor can also be added in warm water to help fight against certain skin infections.

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10. One piece (20-30 grams) of the fresh bark is made into decoction (30 grams + 300 ml water, boil and reduce to 150 ml, filter). This decoction is used to wash the wounds. This relieves itching and pacifies swelling.


11. Due to  antibacterial and antiplaque properties of Eucalyptus oil  helps in preventing and reducing the accumulation of dental plaque.


12. Cold infusion prepared from the leaves of eucalyptus is given in a dose of 30-40 ml,in divided dose, to treat fever.


13. Massaging and inhaling (little) Eucalyptus oil on the chest and back helps to provide relief from cold, cough and nasal congestion as it promotes the secretion of sputum to clear the airways and gives relief from many other respiratory infections.


14. Few drops of the eucalyptus oil along with little camphor are put on a handkerchief or towel. During motion sickness, nausea, vomiting, cold, headache, fatigue, anxiety etc this is inhaled.


15. Eucalyptus oil, as a stimulant, helps removes exhaustion and mental sluggishness thus, rejuvenating the spirits of people feeling sick. It is also effective in the treatment of stress and other mental disorders.


16. Fresh Nilgiri leaves fine paste along with little water is made; This is applied to the affected side in cases of partial headache. within 15-20min. You will get relif.


17. Enema is given from the oil of eucalyptus to treat patients suffering from intestinal worms.


18. Massaging and inhaling Eucalyptus oil may be useful in managing nasal congestion.


19. Gargling with 2-4 drops of eucalyptus oil in hot/Luke warm water helps in bad breath problem.


20. Eucalyptus oil along with coconut oil helps in quick healing of wound and reduce inflammation, due to its healing, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties.

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21. The oil extracted from the leaves of the eucalyptus plant is rubbed gently to relive pain in the joints, muscles and relax the affected area.



Side effects : 

  • Nausea, stomach irritation on Higer dosage



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Reference 

  1. Molecules. 2011 Feb; 16(2): 1695–1709.   Published online 2011 Feb 17. 
  2. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013; 2013: 502727.  PMCID: PMC3703330
  3. Biomed Res Int. 2014; 2014: 969143.  PMCID: PMC4142273
  4. Hardel Danendra kumar et al / IJRAP 2011, 2 (5) 1527-1530
  5. The Open Agriculture Journal, 2016, 10, (Suppl 1: M3) 52-57
  6. Biol Res. 2015; 48(1): 7.  Published online 2015 Jan 19.  PMCID: PMC4417289
  7. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 Sep; 2(9): 739–742.  PMCID: PMC3609378
  8. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia Of India.Part 1 Volume 1
  9. Toxicol Int. 2015 Jan-Apr; 22(1): 170–171.   PMCID: PMC4721170
  10. The Open Agriculture Journal, 2016, Volume 10 
  11. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. Volume 3, Issue 6, 559-567.
  12. IJPSR (2010), Vol. 1, Issue 12.  ISSN: 0975-8232
  13. JWBK245-Kole k0902 May 10, 2008 


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