Hibiscus flower/Japha/Jasvand ๐ŸŒบ - Health benefits, application, chemical constituents, side effects and many more

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Hibiscus flower/Japha/Jasvand๐ŸŒบ๐ŸŒบ


Hibiscus could be a shrub found everywhere India within the temperate climate. over 200 sorts of hibiscus is found everywhere the globe. The leaves are alternate, ovate to lanceolate, often with a toothed or lobed margin. The flowers are large, conspicuous, trumpet-shaped, with five or more petals, color from white to pink, red, orange, peach, yellow or purple and from 4–18 cm broad. Flower color in certain species, such as H. mutabilis and H. tiliaceus, changes with age. The fruit is a dry five-lobed capsule, containing several seeds in each lobe, which are released when the capsule dehisces (splits open) at maturity. It is of red and white colors.

Hibiscus flower is also used for the worship of Devi, and the red variety is especially prominent, having an important part in tantra. In the Bengal area of eastern India, the red variety of this flower is used to worship Kali.

It shows antibacterial, wound healing, analgesic, antispasmodic, antipyretic, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, Antiulcer, aepatoprotective, antifertility, antigenotoxic, antidepressant, cardiac, and antioxidant effects.

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It has different names in different languages such as English name(Hibiscus),  Hindi name(Japa, Gudahala, Gudhal),  Marathi name(Jasvand), Gujarati name(Jasus),  Kannada name(Dasavala),  Tamil name(Shemaparuti),   Telugu name(Dasanamu),  Malayalam name(Chembarathi),  Bengali name(Jaba),  Punjabi name(Gudahala)



Chemical composition

• Many chemical constituents such as cyanidin, quercetin, hentriacontane, calcium oxalate, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acids have been isolated from this plant. 

• It contains appreciable amounts of vitamins, iron, ฮฒ-carotene and calcium. Leaves contain fats (3.5/100g), phosphorous (0.52/100g), calcium (1.67g/100g), carbohydrate (69.7g/100g), fiber (15.5g/100g), ash (11.4g/100g). Flowers contain protein (3,9g/100g), fat (3.9g/100g), carbohydrates (86.3g/100g), fiber (15.7g/100g), calcium (39mg/100g), phosphorous (265mg/100g), iron (1.7mg/100g), ash (5.9mg/100g), vitamin B1 (0.29mg/100g), vitamin B2(0.49mg/100g), vitamin B3 (5.9mg/100g), and vitamin C (3.9mg/100g). 

• Bioactive constituents including glycosides, terpenoids, saponins, and flavonoids are present in different parts of plant, which impart medicinal properties to it. Stem and leaves contain stigma sterol, taraxeryl acetate, ฮฒ-sitosterol, and three cyclo propane compounds. Flowers are rich in Quercetin-3-diglucoside, cyanidin-3- sophoroside-5-glucoside,bkaempferol-3- xylosylglucoside, cyanidin-3, 5-diglucoside, and 3,7- diglucoside. 

• It has been also reported that it contains majorly Anthocyanins and flavonoids; cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-sophoroside-5-glucoside, quercetin-3,7-diglucoside, quercetin-3-diglucoside.  

• Plant extract is a source of a number of potential antioxidants and anticancer compounds including quercetin, glycosides, riboflavin, niacin, carotene, malvalic acid gentisic acid, margaric acid and lauric acid. 

• The roots of H. sinensis contains sterols, carbohydrates and glycosides, phenolic compounds and tannins, triterpenoids, saponins, mucilage and flavonoids 

             - Saponins are useful for the patients of hypercholesterolemia as they bind with cholesterol, form insoluble complexes and excrete through bile, to lower blood pressure. 

• Phytocompounds of the ethanolic extract of the flowers of H. rosa sinensis also analysed by GC-MS and they reported Propanol,3,3’-dithiobis(2,2-dimethyl- SS)- or (RR)-2,3-hexanediol, 2-Hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid, n-Hexadecanoic acid, Heptanoic acid, 2-ethyl- Trans-(2-Ethylcyclopentlyl) methanol, 3-N-Hexylthiolane, SS-dioxide Hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylexyl) ester, 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester, 1,3-Benzodioxole, 5.5’- (tetrahydro-1H,3H-furo(3,4-c)furan-1,4-diyl)bis-, (1S-(1ฮฑ,3a ฮฑ,4ฮฒ,6a ฮฑ)-Squalene, 2R-Acetoxymethyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-4t-(3-methyk-2-buten-1-yl)-1cyclohexanol.



Properties and Benefits

  • Rasa (Taste) – Kashaya (Astringent), Tikta (Bitter)
  • Guna (Qualities) – Laghu (Light for digestion), Rooksha (Dry in nature)
  • Taste conversation after digestion – Katu 
  • Veerya (Potency) – Sheetala (Cold ๐Ÿฅถ )
  • Effects on Tridosha – Reduces vitiated kapha and pitta dosha
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  • Sangrahi – absorbent, bowel binding, useful in IBS, diarrhoea
  • Keshya – improves quality of hair
  • Stambhana – styptic
  • Useful for the treatment of
  • Visha – toxic conditions
  • Pitta and Kapha Disorders
  • Indralupta – alopecia areata
  • Ranjana – colours hair
  • Stambhana – styptic



Uses Benefits and Application

1) Dried hibiscus is edible, and it is often a delicacy in Mexico. It can also be candied and used as a garnish, usually for desserts.


2) Cold Drink can be prepared by first steeping the petals in hot water until the colors are leached from the petals, then adding lime juice (which turns the beverage from dark brown/red to a bright red), sweeteners (sugar/honey) and finally cold water(matka/earthen pot water).

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3) The paste of the leaf and flower of hibiscus is processed in sesame oil and the prepared oil is used for external application over the scalp for strengthening of hair root and in conditions of alopecia. OR The paste of hibiscus flower is mixed with cow urine and applied over scalp to treat condition of alopecia.

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4) A paste of Japaa flowers and Amla is presecribed externally as a hairtonic for retarding premature graying of hair.

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5) This plant is often used in the traditional medicine being rich in phytochemicals like polyphenols especially anthocyanins, polysaccharides and organic acids thus having enormous prospective in modern therapeutic uses.


6) It is also used to shine shoes in certain parts of India. 

             - Flowers are crushed to make a dark purple dye which is used to blacken the shoes. Dye is also used to color eyebrows, hairs, liquors, and food in many regions of the world.


7) It can also be used as a pH indicator. When used, the flower turns acidic solutions to a dark pink or magenta color and basic solutions to green.


8) In Egypt, hibiscus tea is known as karkadรฉ (ูƒุฑูƒุฏูŠู‡), and is served as both a hot and a cold drink.

           - Hibiscus is commonly consumed in teas made from its flowers, leaves, and roots.


9) The plant may have some potential in cosmetic skin care; for example, an extract from the flowers of Hibiscus rosa-sinensis has been shown to function as an anti-solar agent by absorbing ultraviolet radiation.


10) Recent studies found that Hibiscus polyphenols inhibit melanoma cell growth and viability.


11) To control heavy bleeding during menstruation, the tender flowers of hibiscus is made into paste, mixed with milk and this mixture is consumed.

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12) Hibiscus flower is soaked in water overnight and the water is filtered next day and consumed in a dose of 30 ml to control diabetes.


13) Traditionally the flowers can be used as antiasthmatic agents.


14) Hibiscus extracts are used as flavoring agents in various food products including jams, sauces, spices and soup.

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15) Petals of hibiscus is boiled in milk, mixed with sugar candy and consumed in a dose of 50 ml to strengthen cardiac muscle.


16) Its fragrance is pleasant, calming and relaxing, thus, it is used in many beauty products such as lotions, soaps, shampoos, conditioners and perfumes. The oil is also useful in preserving the elasticity and flexibility of skin and reduces the aging effects, when used on regular basis. 


17) They are also used to stimulate hair growth and darken the color of hair as they have anti-graying properties.


18) The tender buds and flowers of hibiscus is consumed to act as contraceptive.


19) The flower paste is mixed with luke warm milk and consumed to relax the mind and give a good sleep.


20) In Unani medicine, Sharbat-e-Gurhal [ Qaraba-deen-e-Jadeed ] is prescribed as a refriger-ant and vitaliser in palpitation, cough, fever, burning sensation in the body.


21) The roots and flowers are given for cough and fevers. Flowers are made into a paste and applied to swellings and boils. A decoction of roots is given in venereal diseases. A black hair dye is prepared from the petals of Japaa flowers and is extensively used for blackening of hair.


22) Flower were used for regulation of menstrual cycle, for liver disorders, high blood pressure as antitussive, in stomach pain, for eye problems and also use for cure headache.


23) sunburn : Apply hibiscus leaves Paste.


24) Hibiscus Hair Rinse : Soak 10 hibiscus flower petals in 2 cups of water overnight. The next morning squeeze the flowers and remove from the solution. Then apply this water to your hair. Cover your hair with a shower cap. Rinse with luke warm water after 20 minutes.


25) For anemia : Dry 20 to 30 hibiscus flower buds in the shade and grind into a fine powder. Store in an airtight container. Consume half a teaspoon with honey or Jaggery twice a day to increase the hemoglobin contents of your blood.

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26) Decoction of hibiscus root is for fever and cough.




Side effects

The hibiscus flower has contraceptive action and hence women desirous of having progeny should avoid hibiscus internally.



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Refrence : 

1) PLoS One. Published online 2017 Jun 23. PMCID: PMC5482446

2) J Tradit Complement Med. 2017 Jan; 7(1): 45–49. PMCID: PMC5198834

3) Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2004 Nov;95(5):220-5.

4) Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2012 May; 2(5): 399–403. PMCID: PMC3609315

5) an international reproductive health journal Contraception | VOLUME 29, ISSUE 4, P385-397, APRIL 01, 1984

6) International Journal of Chemical and Biochemical Sciences, 12(2017):147-151 | ISSN 2226-9614

7) International Journal of Nutrition and Dietetics | Volume 4, Number 2, 2016, Pages 105 - 123

8) Journal of King Saud University - Science | Volume 25, Issue 4, October 2013, Pages 275-282

9) Bhavaprakasha Nighantu

10) sciencedirect

11) NCBI

12) PUBMED

13) Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 7.July 2009

14) Local tradition and knowledge

15) Int. J. of Res. in Pharmacology & Pharmacotherapeutics Vol-6(1) 2016 [61-64]

16) World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research │ Vol 10, Issue 1, 2021.

17) Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences | Volume 8 Issue 4 | ISSN: 0974-2115

18) Balkrishnan. Ayurved jadi buti rehsya

19) imeage source : Wikipedia, Google

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