Mint(Pudina) - Health benefits, ayurvedic remedies, application, chemical constituents, side effects and many more

Mint(Pudina)

Mint or mentha species belongs to the Lamiaceae family, which contains around 15 to 20 plant species, including peppermint and spearmint. Peppermint is a hybrid of Spearmint and Watermint and are thus similar. Peppermint contains more menthol so has a stronger smell, slightly dark in color and has less hairy leaves than spearmint. It is a popular herb that people can use fresh or dried in many dishes and infusions. 

It shows antioxidant, astringent, antiseptic, antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory,  antimicrobia antipruritic, antiemetic, carminative, vermifuge,  diaphoretic, antiallergic, antispasmodic, analgestic, radioprotective property.

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It has different names in different languages such as Marathi name(Pudina), English name (Spearmint, Garden mint), Hindi name(Podina),  Malayalam name(Putina), Bengali name(Pudina), Burmese name(Bhudina), Canada name(Chetni-maruga), Arabic name(Phujanaj). But it is commonly called as pudina in many or all Indian language.

Vitamin and mineral content

Vitamin : A, C, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, folates

Minerals : calcium, iron, copper, magnesium, manganese, zinc, sodium, potassium

Phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites ubiquitously distributed in plants, include a large group of biologically active compounds, with over 8000 molecules, either small or large and complex molecules, presenting at least one aromatic ring with one or more hydroxyl groups attached. These compounds often appear in their natural sources as esters and glycosides.

• Peppermint oil is composed primarily of menthol (37.4%), menthyl acetate (17.4%) and menthone (12.7%).    

             - Other pharmacologically active ingredients include bitter substances, caffeic acid, flavonoids (12%), polymerized polyphenols (19%), carotenes, tocopherols, betaine, choline and tannins 

• The leaves contain flavonoid glycosides, eriocitrin, luteolin 7-O-rutinoside, hesperi- din, isorhoifolin, diosmin, eriodictyol 7-O-glucoside and narirutin, besides rosmarinic acid, azulenes, cholene, carotenes.

Properties and Benefits 

• Taste – Katu (Pungent)

• Qualities – Light for digestion, Dry in nature, Strong

• Taste conversation after digestion – Katu (pungent)

• Potency – Ushna (Hot)

• Effects on Tridosha – reduces kapha and vata dosha and pacifies pitta (means pacifies all three types of doshas)

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Uses, benefits and application of mint

1) Gargling with fresh juice of the leaf of Pudina with water to relieve bad odor from the mouth and to treat inflammation of the gums.

2) This plant also has been used in cosmetic formulations as a fragrance component and skin conditioning agent. 

3) Pudina is used in many cuisines all over the world, to enhance the taste of the dish.

4) The leaves of Mentha piperita is used as carmative and helps in digestion of the food.

5) The fresh juice of the leaf of Pudina, in a dose of 5 to 10 ml is taken with honey to relieve cough and sore throat.

6) Peppermint oil vapour is used as an inhalant for respiratory congestion.

7) 1-3 drops of oil obtained after the processing from the plant is used with hot water to treat indigestion and relive colic pain.

8) Peppermint  tea  is  used  to  treat coughs, bronchitis and  inflammation of oral mucosa and throat. 

9) Peppermint tea is is also used to get relief from headache, anxiety, stress, mild pain, etc.

10) The distillate of the leaf is extracted and used in a dose of 1 to 3 drops with hot water to treat indigestion and bloating of abdomen.

11) The paste of the leaf of Pudina is given with first morsel of food to treat intestinal worms.

12) The paste of the leaf of Mentha piperita is applied over the joints to relive pain and localized inflammation.

13) Cold infusion of the plant in a dose of 30-40 ml is used to relieve dysmenorrhea and fever.

14) Immunomodulatory effect of peppermint oil is exerted through 1-menthol, menthone, and 1, 8-cineole suppressed antigen-induced histamine release.

       - The oil stimulates  cold  receptors  on  the  skin  and  dilates  blood vessels, causing a sensation of coldness and an analgesic effect.

       - Menthol,  thymol,  and  methyl  salicylate  caused decreases   in   blood   pressure   but   had   no   effects   on respiration, heart rate, or blood flow in the femoral artery or gastrocnemius muscle

15) The paste of the leaf is applied over the skin to relieve itching sensation and wound associated with pus.

16) Mint has also been used in the preparation of chutney, soups, sauces, green salads and garnishing material along with coriander leaves (on various dishes).

17) Fresh mint leaves are used in chewing, for mouth burns.

18) Peppermint oil has been shown to relieve fatigue, weakness, loss of mood and daytime sleepiness.

19) Peppermint oil is widely used for calming skin irritation and itchiness, as well as reducing redness. Use essential oil with base oil(sesame/coconut/Mustard oil).

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Refrences

1) WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND MEDICAL RESEARCH; , 2017,3(1), 309-313

2) USDA National Nutrient data base

3) Chemical Composition, Antifungal and Antibiofilm Activities of the Essential Oil of Mentha piperita L ; Volume 2012 |Article ID 718645   -    Hindawi.com

4) Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ;  Volume 4, Issue 3, 2019

5) Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, Vol 6, Issue 3, 2013, 180-183

6) Journal of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences ; 2013; 3(4):177-81    -    A study on Anti-diabetic effect of peppermint in alloxan induced diabetic model of wistar rats

7) Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Mentha piperita L ; Arabian Journal of Chemistry Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2015, Pages 322-328

8) NCBI

9) PUBMED

10) https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/peppermint-oil

11) Local tradition and knowledge