Manjishta/Indian Madder/Rubia cordifolia - Health benefits, application, chemical constituents, side effects and many more

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Manjishta/Indian Madder/Rubia cordifolia


Rubia cordifolia L. (RC) is a valuable medicinal plant in Ayurvedic system owing to its multiple pharmacological properties and often referred as common Madder or Indian Madder in the coffee family Rubiaceae.  Manjishta is one among the prime herbs used in blood, liver and skin detoxification treatments. Its root is extensively used in many skin diseases medicines of Ayurveda

It shows antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-androgen, potent blood purifier, calcium channel blocker, diuretic, antiplatelet, antidiabetic, immunomodulator, hepatoprotective, anti-stress, and vasodilating properties

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It has different names in different languages such as English name(Indian Madder),  Marathi  & Bengali name(Manjishta),  Gujarati & Hindi name(Manjeeth),  Telugu name(Tamravalli),  Tamil name(Manjitti),  Kannada name(Raktamanjishte),  Malayalam name(Manjetti),  Arabian name(Phuvva),  




Phytochemical constitution

Manjista also consists of chemical constituents such as rubiadin, quinine, morphine, aspirin, iridoids, glycosides, bicyclic hexapeptides, triterpenes, and many other bioactive secondary metabolites.

The plant's roots contain an anthraquinone called purpurin (1,2,4-Trihydroxyanthraquinone) that gives its red colour as a textile dye.

The detail of phytoconstituents identified in Rubia cordifolia were- anthraquinone constituents are munjistin, purpurin, and pseudopurpurin. New anthraquinones namely 1-hydroxy-2,7-dimethyl anthraquinone, 2-hydroxy -6-methyl anthraquinone, 2,6-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1-hydroxy 2-methyl anthraquinone, nordamnacanthal, physcion, 1,4-dihydroxy 6-methyl-anthraquinone, 1,4-dihydroxy 2-methyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy 2-methyl anthraquinone, 3-prenyl methoxy 1,4-naphthoquinone, 1-hydroxy 2-methoxy anthraquinone, 1,4-dihydroxy 2-methyl 5-methoxy anthraquinone or 1,4-dihydroxy 2-methyl 8-methoxy anthraquinone, 1,3-dimethoxy 2-carboxy anthraquinone and rubiadin have been isolated from Rubia cordifolia roots. Three new anthracene derivatives, rubiasins A–C, were isolated from the combined roots and stems of Rubia cordifolia.




Properties and Benefits

  • Guna (Qualities) – Guru (Heavy to digest), Rooksha (dry)
  • Rasa(Taste – Tikta (bitter), Kashaya (astringent), Madhura (sweet)
  • Taste conversation after digestion – Katu (pungent)
  • Veerya (Potency) – Ushna (hot)
  • Effect on Tridosha – Balances Kapha and Pitta
  •           Click here for more information about Tridosha (vata-Kapha-Pitta)   
  • Because it mitigates Pitta, it is useful in diseases of the tissues where Pitta is involved, such as skin (wounds, skin diseases) and eyes.
  • Svarakrut – improves voice
  • Varnakrut – improves skin complexion
  • Useful in the treatment of
  • Visha –toxic conditions, poisoning
  • Shotha – inflammatory conditions
  • Yoniruk – gynecological disorders
  • Karnaruk – ear pain
  • Akshiruk – eye pain
  • Raktatisara – diarrhea with bleeding
  • Kushta – skin diseases
  • Asra – blood vitiation
  • Visarpa – Herpes, spreading skin disease
  • Meha – diabetes and urinary tract disorders
  • Netramaya – eye disorders
  • Jvarahara – herbs that relieve fever
  • Varnya – herbs that are good for skin, improves complexion
  • Vishaghna – anti toxic, anti poisonous herbs
  • Sushruta – Priyangvadi and Pittasamshamana (Pitta calming) group of herbs
  • Vagbhata – Priyangvadi group of herbs

Uses Benefits and Application

1) Manjistha is one of the most useful herbs to manage all types of skin diseases. An imbalanced Pitta dosha vitiates the blood and impairs its normal functioning. This causes skin problems like redness. Manjistha helps to purify the blood and treats all type of skin disorders. This is due to its Pitta balancing and Raktashodhak (blood purifier) properties.


2) 20 gram of coarse Manjishta powder is soaked in 200ml of water and kept over night in mud pot. This filtered and taken early morning. In burning of the body (summer season and in menopausal period), blisters and boils this is very effective.


3) Manistha decoction is used to wash the wounds in case of chronic wounds, non healing ulcers.

             - Boil 1 tablespoon of Manjishta powder in 2 cup of water and reduce it one cup, then filter it and the decoction is ready.


4) This plant is known for its blood purifying nature, complexion enhancing effect, healing properties and to stimulate the liver and spleen. In Chinese medicine also it is used as an anti toxic herb.


5) Manjista stem or roots fine powder is rubbed well with water and applied over the skin lesions of pimples and dark spots. It is a natural complexion enhancer. (It is better to use fresh roots and steam).


6) It is an Ayurvedic medicine, used extensively in the treatment of skin disorders such as eczema and dermatitis.


7) Manjishta is used in textile industry as a natural red coloring agent. It is used in processing arecanut, so as to increase the astringent taste of the supari/betel nut and to increase the shelf life.  


8) Manjistha is good for the heart. It might act as a calcium channel blocker to manage irregular cardiac rhythm. It has potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-platelet activities. It might prevent lipid peroxidation that damages the blood vessels. It also reduces platelet aggregation. Manjistha has diuretic and vasodilating properties. Thus, it might be beneficial in managing high blood pressure.


9) Anthraquinones, the roots have also been reported as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, immunomodulator and hepatoprotective  and  are extensively used against  blood, urinary and  skin diseases.


10) Externally, Manjistha along with honey was applied on major  burns, on freckles and blemishes.

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11) It is considered tonic, antitussive, and useful in chronic low fevers. 


12) It is also helpful in keeping the hair shiny and healthy.


13) Manjistha helps in quick healing of the wound, decreases swelling and brings back the normal texture of the skin. A paste of Manjistha powder with coconut oil helps in quick healing and reduces inflammation.

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14) A Kapha-Pitta dosha skin type can be prone to acne and pimples. According to Ayurveda, an aggravation of Kapha increases sebum production which clogs the pores. This results in the formation of both white and blackheads. An aggravation of Pitta also causes red papules (bumps) and inflammation with pus. Manjistha helps in balancing Kapha and Pitta which helps to remove clogs and inflammation as well.

              - Take teaspoon of Manjishta and honey and rose water to make a paste and apply it on effective area. Then wash off within hour. 


15) Manjistha is good for diabetes. This is due to its hypoglycemic effect. It might help to lower the blood glucose levels. Manjistha also reduces the risk of diabetic complications due to its antioxidant property.


16) Manjistha has analgesic or pain relieving property due to the presence of certain secondary metabolites such as quinine, morphine, aspirin, etc.


17) The Manjishta powder is used as hair coloring agent and also used in medicinal oil. It also acts as a tonic for hair roots. Manjistha is an effective remedy to improve hair health. Manjistha powder can be used to manage hair problems like greying of hair. Applying Manjistha powder enhances the natural color of the hair. Manjistha oil is effective in controlling hair fall. It helps to remove excessive dryness that controls dandruff and thus prevents hair fall.

             - Mix 2-3 drops Manjishta oil in carrier oil (sesame/coconut oil) and apply it on hair.

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18) Manjistha is beneficial in eye diseases like conjunctivitis, burning of eyes, watery eyes and cataract.


19) In ancient texts It is prescribed for treatment of major burns, fractures and dysentery, to improve complexion and to treat skin diseases and blood born diseases.


20) Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of India therapeutically indicate it for Yoni roga (menstrual disorder), Kustha (skin disease), Sarpavisa (snake bite), Visarpa (herpes virus), Aksi roga (eye disease), Arsa(haemorrhoids), Bhagna (Fracture).


21) A paste remedy is prepared long pepper, Manjishta, turmeric and Chebulic Myrobalan is applied over the organ bitten by poisonous spider.

                Click here for more information Turmeric



Effects of Manjishta on Pitta

Agni situated in skin in the form of Bhrajak pitta facilitates Pachana of active principles of drug for absorption (catabolic degradation by enzymes) and pacify the provocated Doshas and relieves local symptom like Vidah, Kandu and Vaivarnya by breaking pathogenesis. We look the etiopathogenesis of Kikkisa, Pitta is mainly vitiated Doshas along with Vata and Kaph and Bhrajak pitta works on skin and responsible for complexion and color of skin. Properties of Manjistha described in literature indicates that it can be used in Pittaj vyadhi specially skin related disease. The properties like Vishagna, Varnaya, Ropana, Sandhaniya, Twachya and Pittashamak action promotes the pigmentation of skin and facilitate the skin tonic action. 

Manjistha is able to bind with Amavisha (free radicals) and Garavisha (xenobiotics) toxins which cause inflammation, skin disease, ulcers, and other problems. A balanced combination of soma (cooling) and Agni (heat) found in Manjistha facilitates the herb to penetrate into the cellular level of tissues with help of Agni and Soma helps to



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References

1) Charaka Samhita

2) Indian J Pharmacol. 2018 Jan-Feb; 50(1): 12–21.   PMCID: PMC5954628

3) J Altern Complement Med. 2020 Nov;26(11):1015-1024.

4) Front Pharmacol.   Published online 2016 Sep 13.   PMCID: PMC5020101

5) Bhavaprakasha Nighantu

6) Sharangdhar Samhitha

7) Jour. of Ayurveda & Holistic Medicine Volume-III, Issue-II

8) IJPSR, 2016; Vol. 7(7): 2720-2731.   ISSN: 2320-5148

9) NCBI

10) PUBMED

11) IJAPR | June 2017 | Vol 5 | Issue 6

12) Jour. of Ayurveda & Holistic Medicine.  Volume-III, Issue-II

13) INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES AND RESEARCH.  ISSN (Online): 0975-8232

14) Anc Sci Life. 2015 Jul-Sep; 35(1): 18–25.  PMCID: PMC4623628

16) Ayurvedic pharmacopoeia of india

17) Evid Based Complement Alternat Med.   Published online 2011 Feb 24.  PMCID: PMC3057542

18) Indian J Pharm Sci. 2013 Jan-Feb; 75(1): 106–109.    PMCID: PMC3719138

19) Ayu. 2011 Jan-Mar; 32(1): 95–99.  PMCID: PMC3215426


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